{"id":5490,"date":"2012-12-03T12:34:17","date_gmt":"2012-12-03T17:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ccpa.scottbuckingham.ca\/blog\/?p=2614"},"modified":"2012-12-03T12:34:17","modified_gmt":"2012-12-03T17:34:17","slug":"the-emerging-field-of-psychotraumatology-in-canada-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ccpa-accp.ca\/fr\/the-emerging-field-of-psychotraumatology-in-canada-6\/","title":{"rendered":"The Emerging Field of Psychotraumatology in Canada"},"content":{"rendered":"

Reflections of a Trauma Nurse\/Counsellor\u2019s Academic, Research & Clinical Experiences Crisis Counselling Intervention Strategies<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Crisis states, grief work and bereavement are phenomenal experiences and a short period of decompression for the bereaved to feel safe, secure and regroup is critical.\u00a0 Then, the bereaved can move into acceptance, sharing their pain inherent in loss, dealing with their memories of the lost person, status or object(s).\u00a0 Open expression of pain, sorrow, hostility, and grief means being free to feel and mourn one\u2019s loss(s) openly, usually by weeping, and to express one\u2019s feelings.\u00a0 To understand the intense feelings associated with loss means facing the fear of going crazy and a normal part of the grieving process<\/p>\n

When feelings of sorrow, fear, guilt, and hostility are worked through in the presence of a caring person, these feelings gradually subside and the rituals to express grief aids in this process.\u00a0 Resuming normal activities and social relationships without the lost person, status or object(s) at one\u2019s side is another important step.\u00a0 Working through the memories and feelings associated with loss helps the bereaved obtain new patterns of social interaction apart from the person, status, and object(s) that are gone.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Crisis Counselling Intervention Steps:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Listen actively and with concern.\u00a0 A good listener dispels feelings of being ashamed or worry about one\u2019s ability to cope no matter how minor or major the problems appear.\u00a0 Effective listening demands attention, so communication is the key to acknowledge what the bereaved are saying, to encourage more talking, and build rapport and trust.\u00a0 Failure to listen forms a barrier to all other possible interventions.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Encourage the open expression of feelings is an important, natural crisis intervention strategy to circumvent build up, bottled up feelings of anger, grief, frustration, helplessness, and hopelessness.\u00a0 Crisis counsellors accept negative associations (transference) during expressions of traumatic events that have occurred, and this generally helps the bereaved feel better immediately plus is the beginning of healthier coping styles in the future.\u00a0 For people in crisis who are fortunate enough to get the help they need, this is one of the rewarding growth possibilities achieved during grief work.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The next 6 crisis steps focus on crisis resolution:<\/p>\n

Help the person gain understanding of the crisis\/loss<\/span> \u2013 crisis counsellors help people see the many factors that contribute to the crisis situation to curtail self\/other blaming.\u00a0 The bereaved are encouraged to examine the total problem, including self\/other\u2019s behaviours as related to the crisis.\u00a0 Thoughtful reflection on one\u2019s\/others behaviours leads to growth and change rather than self\/other deprecation and pity.<\/p>\n

Help the person gradually accept reality<\/span> \u2013 respond to people who tend to blame their problems on others.\u00a0 People in crisis may adopt the role of victim and counsellors can help them escape that role.\u00a0 If a crisis stems from social sources, the bereaved are victimized, not only abuse, they are survivors and their survival skills need to be tapped into for constructive resolution by encouraging them to channel their anger into action to change oppressive social arrangements and social policies, justice.<\/p>\n

Defense mechanisms<\/span> \u2013 blame and scapegoating is especially strong in family and marital crisis and it is the counsellors\u2019 work to help these folks understand that the victim\/persecutor relationships are not one-sided.\u00a0 Establishing good grief working relationships with the bereaved with genuine concerns and not engaging in rescue roles or fantasies <\/em>helps people accept a counsellors interpretation of their role in the crisis event.\u00a0 It is common in the Victim Triangle Syndrome www.mental-health-today.com\/articles\/drama.htm<\/a> to occur frequently in human relations, so counsellors who try to help people who perceive themselves to be victims are usually frustrated when their efforts fail and the victim returns to the persecutor and punish the counsellor for well-intentioned, but inappropriate effort to help people who do not ask for the help.<\/span><\/p>\n

Link people to social networks<\/span> – loss(s) disrupt social ties and a precursor of crisis states, so restoration of ties and formation of new ties is a powerful means towards resolve.\u00a0 Crisis counsellors take an active role in helping the bereaved re-establishing themselves in their social networks.<\/p>\n

Reinforce newly learned coping skills, and follow-up after crisis resolution<\/span> \u2013 provide the bereaved in crisis with time to plan and try any proposed solutions related to the problem.\u00a0 Successful problem-solving mechanisms are reinforced; unsuccessful solutions are discarded, and new ones are sought. In all cases, people in crisis states ought not to be cut-off from supports abruptly!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

During initial crisis plans have a follow-up contract <\/span>\u2013 when a person initiates or gets involved in a helping process, ensure follow-up is included and is a mutually negotiated, total service plan\/contract that is based on the principles of self-determination without denigration of anyone\u2019s role, function, values, and abilities to partake in crisis resolve.\u00a0 The bereaved bring their grief within context and the crisis counsellor is responsible for the contract process.<\/p>\n

It is important to complete a risk assessment in crisis counselling and know the increased risk\/use of maladaptive coping behaviors and the risk factors of premature death associated with widows\/widowers during the first year of bereavement. \u00a0Grievers appreciate knowing about maladaptive coping behaviors and the inherent risk factors for the acutely bereaved verses getting blind-sided and taken advantage of, when vulnerable and unprepared.\u00a0<\/p>\n

I have learned that grievers who get to the depths, complete their grief work become great lovers of life.<\/p>\n

Author:\u00a0 Dr. Linda AK Thompson, BGS, MA, CCC, PsyD, FAAETS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Owner, Matrix of Trauma (\u00a9 MOT \u2122):\u00a0 Research, Advocacy, Healing<\/p>\n

Reference:<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoff, Lee A. (1995).\u00a0 People in Crisis \u2013 Understanding and Helping.\u00a0 <\/em>Jossey-Bass Inc. CA. ISBN: 0-7879-0084-2<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reflections of a Trauma Nurse\/Counsellor\u2019s Academic, Research & Clinical Experiences Crisis Counselling Intervention Strategies Crisis states, grief work and bereavement are phenomenal experiences and a short period of decompression for the bereaved to feel safe, secure and regroup is critical.\u00a0 Then, the bereaved can move into acceptance, sharing their pain inherent in loss, dealing with […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1001021,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-counsellingandpsychotherapyincanada"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Emerging Field of Psychotraumatology in Canada - L'Association canadienne de counseling et de psychoth\u00e9rapie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ccpa-accp.ca\/fr\/the-emerging-field-of-psychotraumatology-in-canada-6\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Emerging Field of Psychotraumatology in Canada - 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