{"id":5452,"date":"2012-07-06T16:09:53","date_gmt":"2012-07-06T20:09:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ccpa.scottbuckingham.ca\/blog\/?p=2215"},"modified":"2015-07-03T15:51:12","modified_gmt":"2015-07-03T19:51:12","slug":"the-psychological-benefits-of-animals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ccpa-accp.ca\/fr\/the-psychological-benefits-of-animals\/","title":{"rendered":"The Psychological Benefits of Animals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Daddy-and-Delilah-and-Donkey-.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-2218\" title=\"Daddy and Delilah and Donkey\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Daddy-and-Delilah-and-Donkey--199x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em><\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em><\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em><\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em><\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<em>The old thinking was that if your family had a pet, the children were more likely to become allergic to the pet.\u00a0 And if you came from an allergy-prone family, pets should be avoided.<\/em>\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>~ James E. Gern, M. D.<\/p>\n<p>As humans, we are often known to show superior attitudes to our fellow dwellers of this planet.\u00a0\u00a0 In fact, we not only have an ability to cognitively outwit the animal kingdom and we have a means with which we can measure our intellectual superiority through IQ (Intelligence Quotient) testing.\u00a0 Ironically, despite our intellectual superiority over the animal kingdom, we have yet to manufacture a substitute for our four legged friends.\u00a0 Moreover,\u00a0 the health benefits received from relationships with our four legged and feathered friends seems to be irreplaceable.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>What is it about the relationship with our <em>pets<\/em> that we cannot live without? Why is it that children are instantly drawn to a new puppy or kitten? What causes the heart of a hardened criminal to melt like butter when playing with a puppy?<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>PHYSICAL HEALTH BENEFITS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cHaving a dog in infancy is associated with higher IL-10 (IL= Interleukin) and IL-13 cytokine secretion profiles and reduced allergic sensitization and atopic dermatitis. (Dr. Gern, et. al.) &#8230;Findings suggest that postnatal exposure to dogs can influence immune development in a genotype-specific fashion and thereby attenuate the development of atopy in at-risk children.\u201d (Dr. Gern, et. al, 2004, Online) Interleukins are responsible for regulating immune responses including anti-inflammatory.\u00a0 Dr. Gern\u2019s, et. al, findings tell us that exposure to animals, at an especially young age, have known health benefits specifically in relationship to immunity.\u00a0 Children with enhanced immunity are known to be resistant to illness.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH BENEFITS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The psychological benefits are manyfold.\u00a0 From infancy through to our golden years we are capable of reaping from the benefits of animals.\u00a0 Whether you are interacting with a beloved one in your home or an outdoor farm animal, the benefits are countless.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As humans, we have a need for social interaction, stimulation, and physical contact.\u00a0\u00a0 Animals provide a healthy perspective and balance of unconditional love and acceptance.\u00a0 They provide an ear <em>that will hear<\/em> and a shoulder with which you may lean upon.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Eunice Johannson\u2019s research on <em>Human-Animal Bonding: An Investigation of Attributes <\/em><\/p>\n<p>suggests that there is significant advantage to animal &#8211; human bonding. \u201cThe advantages of bonding and its evidence are seen in development and enhancement of self-esteem and related aspects of the individual\u2019s psychology.\u00a0 Healthy bonding is reciprocal and has mutual benefits for the players.\u201d (Johannson, 1999, p. 120)<\/p>\n<p>Research conducted by Singer, Hart, and Zasloff (1995), of homeless adolescents, revealed that those who had dogs felt less isolated. Research conducted by Kirton, et. al. (2004) discovered that the simple presence of an animal, in the life of a child, influenced the child to feel more positive about life and others.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>CLINICAL &#8211; THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS <\/em><\/p>\n<p>As therapists, we are often challenged to discover the \u201cright fit\u201d for our patients.\u00a0 Unfortunately, the traditional therapeutic model of <em>talk therapy<\/em> does not work for everyone. Moreover, even if the traditional model works, there are times with which we are forced to think outside the box in order to find answers for the patient\u2019s therapeutic needs. There is no such thing as a perfect remedy, cure, or therapeutic approach.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTraditional forms of therapy, which rely on talking and trusting, sometimes fail children (or adults) who are mistrustful of adults. The cow on the farm may in fact be the best therapist a child can have while in treatment. The cow, and other farm animals can become a companion for the child, one in whom he or she can confide all of his or her misgivings, heartaches, and pains. The cow and other farm animals can serve as the catalytic agent that brings the child and the therapist together .\u201d (Mallon, 1994,\u00a0 p. 470).\u00a0 While the cow is incapable of conducting a battery of psychological tests or diagnosing a psychological disorder; it maybe the cow that proves a positive agent <em>toward<\/em> change and well being.\u00a0\u00a0 Whether it is a dog, cat, cow, pig, or horse, animals may serve as an instrument of change; similar to art, play, or personally interactive therapy, the animal helps to disarm a child allowing the child to feel unthreatened.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhether therapy is delivered to individuals or groups of patients, the benefits that animals bring are unquestionably therapeutic for many patients.\u201d (NHS, 2012, Online) Importantly, one must take into account, the patient\u2019s needs, psychiatric or psychological status, and carefully evaluate the person\u2019s behavior, and environmental factors (e.g., family dynamic). <em>Unfortunately, not all patients will benefit from animal interaction.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>THERAPEUTIC SAFETY<\/em> <strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Therapeutic safety is a must when working with any animals, and like any therapist, joining a team the animal should be evaluated and trained.\u00a0 It is always important to know the qualifications, personalities, and credentials of those working with your patients.\u00a0\u00a0 Of equal importance, it should be determined whether or not the patient-client is capable of associating and respecting an animal.\u00a0 The therapist should determine whether the patient, and his or her environment, will be a good match to the animal.\u00a0 Also, the therapist needs to evaluate whether or not the patient and animal are capable of interacting from a healthy perspective.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Likewise, it is equally as important to carefully consider the environment of the patient-client patient-client and familial dynamics within the home.\u00a0 Not all people are a match for all animals, nor are all animals a match for all people.\u00a0\u00a0 It is <em>always<\/em> important to recognize, not only the safety of the patient-client, but the animal as well.\u00a0<a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Delilah-and-Dove.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-2219\" title=\"Delilah and Dove\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Delilah-and-Dove-300x207.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Authors<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0 Dr. Asa Don Brown, Ph.D., C.C.C. and Dr. Eunice Johannson, Alberta Registered Psychologist, Neuropsychologist<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gern, J. E. et. al. (2004) Effects of dog ownership and genotype on immune development and \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 atopy in infancy. <em>The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.<\/em> 113 (2) 307-314<\/p>\n<p>Johannson, E. E. (1999) <em>Human-animal bonding: An investigation of attributes.<\/em> (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. 0-612-39548-0<\/p>\n<p>Kirton, A., Wirrell, E., Zhang, J., Hamiwka, L. (2004). Seizure-alerting and -response behaviors in dogs living with epileptic children. <em>Neurology<\/em> 62: 2303-2305.<\/p>\n<p>Mallon, G. (1994) Cow as co-therapist: Utilization of farm animals as therapeutic aides with children in residential treatment. <em>Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal<\/em>, 11 (6), 455-474<\/p>\n<p>National Health Service for Scotland, NHS (2012) Animals as therapy in mental health.\u00a0Retrieved June 30, 2012, from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tsh.scot.nhs.uk\/Care_and_Treatment\/docs\/PARS%20-%20Animals%20as%20Therapy%20booklet%20-%20Aug%2007.pdf\">http:\/\/www.tsh.scot.nhs.uk\/Care_and_Treatment\/docs\/PARS %20-%20Animals%20as%20Therapy%20booklet%20-%20Aug%2007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Singer, R. S., Hart, L., Zasloff, R. (1995). Dilemmas associated with rehousing homeless people who have companion animals. <em>Psych Reports<\/em> 77: 851-857.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u00a0The old thinking was that if your family had a pet, the children were more likely to become allergic to the pet.\u00a0 And if you came from an allergy-prone family, pets should be avoided.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ~ James E. Gern, M. D. As humans, we are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1001014,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[682,683,684,685,318,686,168,259,329,344,687,688,689,690,691,692,132,693,694,331,87,695,696,659],"class_list":["post-5452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-counsellingandpsychotherapyincanada","tag-alberta-registered-psychologist","tag-allergic-sensitization","tag-allergies","tag-animals","tag-anxiety","tag-atopic-dermatitis","tag-children","tag-counseling","tag-dr-asa-don-brown","tag-dr-eunice-johannson","tag-feather-friends","tag-four-legged-friends","tag-human-animal-bonding","tag-il-10-il-interleukin-and-il-13-cytokine-secretion-profiles","tag-immune-system","tag-intelligence-quotient","tag-iq","tag-kitten","tag-neuropsychologist","tag-psychological","tag-psychotherapy","tag-puppy","tag-regulating-immune-responses","tag-social-isolation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Psychological Benefits of Animals - L&#039;Association canadienne de counseling et de psychoth\u00e9rapie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ccpa-accp.ca\/the-psychological-benefits-of-animals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Psychological Benefits of Animals - L&#039;Association canadienne de counseling et de psychoth\u00e9rapie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u00a0The old thinking was that if your family had a pet, the children were more likely to become allergic to the pet.\u00a0 And if you came from an allergy-prone family, pets should be avoided.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ~ James E. Gern, M. D. 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&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u00a0The old thinking was that if your family had a pet, the children were more likely to become allergic to the pet.\u00a0 And if you came from an allergy-prone family, pets should be avoided.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ~ James E. Gern, M. D. 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